Have you ever compared your body to your best friend’s body? You may wonder how your best friend is tall and thin and you are short and round, but you weigh the exact same. How can that be? How can two people, same gender, look completely different but weigh the same? That’s because humans all have different body compositions.
It’s best described as what bodies are made of. Human bodies are made up of varying percentages of water, fat, bone and muscle. Don’t let body composition be confused with body mass index (BMI). Body mass index is a measurement of weight-for-height.
When you step on a scale, the number tells you how much you weigh, but it doesn’t tell you what your body is made up of. Body composition refers to everything in your body and how much you have of each component. For example, a person’s body could be composed of 36% muscle, 12% essential fat, 15% non-essential fat, 12% bone and 25% other (organs, etc.) Let’s take this breakdown and work our way up to make it easier to understand, taking the five example percentages and putting them into two groups; fat mass and fat-free mass1.
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>> Fat mass refers to fat tissue in your body and fat-free mass includes everything else (like muscle, bone, fluid and organs). |
Stepping on the scale will show you one number, your weight. What you don’t see are the other numbers in your body and how they affect your body composition.
For example, if you start an exercise program you may gain one pound of muscle and lose one pound of fat. Since your fat mass decreased and your fat-free mass increased at the same time, your body weight won’t change. See how frustrating this can be for someone who thinks they are putting in a lot of effort at the gym and eating healthy but not seeing the weight change on the scale? This is why the scale is misleading and that’s why knowing your body composition is much more useful than knowing your body weight.
So, what can you use to measure your body composition? The first way would be to track and measure different body parts2. Purchase a flexible tape measure and track the circumference of your waist, hips, arms, legs and chest.
If you track your measurements for a period of six months, for example, and your waist circumference decreases, it’s a sign that you are probably losing belly fat. Here’s another example: if your exercise program involves weights and your arm circumference is increasing, it’s a sign that you are probably gaining muscle in your arms. The second way to track your body composition would be to take pictures.
Progress pictures are a very popular way to physically see the changes in your body over time. These pictures are typically known as ‘transformation pictures’ and can be very helpful when looking at your body composition. We often do not notice changes in our body from day to day, but we do notice changes in our body when looking at progress pictures.
There are devices that measure body composition, like a bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). BIA sends small electrical currents through your body to see how much the body resists the current. This information is used to predict your body fat percentage3 but these devices are not always accurate.
If you’re interested in knowing your body fat mass percentage, have an LA Fitness ProResults® Trainer help you. A ProResults® trainer can help you with basic principles of physical activity and nutrition to help you improve your body composition.
It’s nothing new; exercise and good nutrition are critical for improving body composition. Exercise and weight training help with fat loss and increased muscle mass. Stepping on the scale will only tell you how much you weigh but there are other factors that need to be considered, like age and genetics. Before you start an exercise and nutrition program, please consult your doctor.
What’s the bottom line? We are all different. No two people are the same, therefore, we all lose and gain (fat, muscle or both) differently. Don’t just step on the scale. The best ways to track body composition is by measuring the circumference of different body parts and taking progress pictures. Grab a notebook and write down your measurements and take your pictures at regular intervals. Give yourself patience and time to see changes.
If you would like to learn more about Body Mass Index (BMI) and the difference between BMI and Body Composition, you can read about it here.
In 1954, William H. Sheldon published the book The Atlas of Men. It was a guide for classifying the human body based on its structural features. Today, we still use his classification system to draw a distinction between body types. According to Sheldon, there are 3: The Ectomorph, Endomorph, and Mesomorph.
The idea behind the different classifications is that they can help you understand if your body is genetically predisposed to excel in some areas of fitness and engineered to do poorly in others. Understanding your body type means you can take advantage of what your body may naturally be good at and learn what you need to avoid or do more of in order to maintain good health.
The Ectomorphic body type is characterized by:
Source: Seyhan, 2019
Individuals with this body type tend to have low fat storage and find it difficult to gain muscle. These are the people who seem to eat and eat and gain no weight. While this sounds amazing, they also have a hard time putting on muscle. To effectively bulk up, Ectomorphs have to follow a calorie-dense nutrition plan and adhere to plenty of strength training. Cardio may actually make it harder to build muscle if you have the Ectomorph body type.
Sports and Activities Best Suited for Ectomorphs:
Source: Ruiz, 2017
The Mesomorphic body type is characterized by:
Source: Seyhan, 2019
The Mesomorph tends to have lower body fat and is able to gain muscle easily. For this body type, it is easier to bulk up with strength training while cardio exists in the workout regimen mostly to maintain a lean look.
Sports and Activities Best Suited for Mesomorphs:
Source: Ruiz, 2017
The Endomorphic body type is characterized by:
Source: Seyhan, 2019
Individuals with this body type will tend towards having higher body fat and lower muscle mass. Because of this, bulking requires attentiveness to calorie intake, so you don’t consume more than you burn. A combination of cardio and strength training can help you keep calories under control while also working on muscle gain. Cardio is more important for people in this group than it is for others.
Sports and Activities Best Suited for Endomorphs:
Source: Ruiz, 2017
It’s possible that you may have a combination body type if you identify with elements from multiple categories. Some online calculators claim they can estimate your body type after you’ve answered a series of questions. However, Sheldon’s original method required a lot of measuring and some long equations. So, while they may give you a vague idea, we’re hesitant to believe in the accuracy of questionnaires that don’t consider detailed body measurements.
If you do learn your unique body type, you’ll better understand your body’s exercise needs and potential physical advantages. That’s not to say, however, that you should consider yourself limited in what you can do. Many Ectomorphs and Endomorphs train their way to a lean, muscular, v-shaped or hourglass build. It’s not impossible, only easier or more difficult based on your individual body type.
To learn how you can sculpt a v-shaped physique, check out our article on How to Build the Illusion of Broad Shoulders. To learn how to train your way to an hourglass body shape, read our article on How to Create the Hourglass Illusion. For more interesting reads, subscribe to our newsletter to receive monthly highlights from the LA Fitness blog!
What is the best method of dieting for a beginner who began going to a gym and wants to lose weight in a quick but safe fashion that it will stay off?
– Joseph
An “ideal” diet plan for a beginner would depend on his or her lifestyle and commitment level. Some people do well with an extreme change – starting with a clean slate and following strict rules – while others get more results from incremental smaller modifications they can live with long-term. A person can start changing their eating habits for the better by beginning anywhere.
According to the National Weight Control Registry, people that have successfully lost weight and kept it off mostly report following a low fat, reduced calorie diet with high activity levels. About half did it on their own while half enrolled in some type of weight loss program. Actions that losers often had in common were that they: 1) participate in regular exercise, 2) track weight routinely, 3) eat breakfast daily; and 4) watch less than 10 hours of video/TV per week.
I’d trim out any extras that you can already identify such as late-night eating, second helpings, alcoholic beverages or desserts. As wholesome fresh food is always best, decide if you can dedicate additional time in the kitchen or need to purchase starter meals that you assemble. Whether or not to follow a specific diet plan, macronutrient ratio or preset menus depends on your interest level and food preferences.
We’ve lots more beginner weight loss advice in the Living Healthy Blog – check how to create your own meal plan and how to achieve quick weight loss.
This article should not replace any exercise program or restrictions, any dietary supplements or restrictions, or any other medical recommendations from your primary care physician. Before starting any exercise program or diet, make sure it is approved by your doctor.
Some questions have been edited for length and/or clarity.
Have a nutrition question? Our registered dietitian is ready to help!
Email nutrition@lafitness.com or submit your question below and it may be featured in an upcoming article!
Are you searching for “kickboxing near me”? Stop the search party because you’ve struck fitness gold with Kickbox Cardio classes at LA Fitness. These classes aren’t just a workout, but an experience. With classes designed to kick, punch, bob, and weave your way to...
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The Holiday Season can get stressful, so we may stick to a routine for the sake of easy planning. Try any of these 10 simple ideas to bring new life to your Thanksgiving celebrations.
Welcome to the 36th episode of the Living Healthy podcast, presented by LA Fitness. We’re back and we’re kicking off the new year with a host of fresh new topics!
When we think about our nutrition plan, we often focus on what we eat. What we drink is just as important! Today we’re talking about everything from your daily water intake to what you drink before and after your workout. We even get into some myth busting during “Brittany’s Mythical Moment.”
Is cow’s milk still a necessary staple? Are recovery drinks actually doing anything for you? What is kombucha and what does it taste like? Tune in now to soak up all the good info!
How Are We Doing?
This podcast should not replace any exercise program or restrictions, any dietary supplements or restrictions, or any other medical recommendations from your primary care physician. Before starting any exercise program or diet, make sure it is approved by your doctor.
Intro
0:01
Introduction of Registered Dietitian, Debbie James
2:54
WATER
How Much Water Should We Be Drinking Daily?
3:34
How Does Drinking Water Affect Our Health?
6:05
What Happens When You Don’t Get Enough Water?
6:57
Should You Have Water or Gatorade Before a Workout?
9:33
COFFEE
Can You Fit Coffee into a Healthy Lifestyle?
11:28
What are the Best Additives for Your Coffee?
12:53
Coffee Later in the Day
14:37
TEA
Is Green Tea a Metabolism Booster?
16:38
How to Tell if Your Beverage is Too Hot to Drink
20:01
Brittany’s Mythical Moment – Is Carbonation Weakening Your Bones?
20:54
MILK
When are Non-Dairy Milks Good Alternatives to Dairy Milk?
24:56
What is the Benefit of Non-Dairy Milk?
25:45
Is Cow’s Milk Still Important?
27:24
SODA AND ENERGY DRINKS
What Happens When You Drink Soda Every Day?
29:10
Are Diet Soda Additives Bad?
31:01
How Do Energy Drinks Work in Our Body?
34:03
What are Some Tips to Help Cut Back on Soda and Energy Drinks?
35:35
KOMBUCHA
What’s in Kombucha?
37:32
Taste Test
38:14
Why Drink It?
38:37
Why Drink It? – Recap for Andrew Who Wasn’t Paying Attention
41:18
EXERCISE AND HEALTH DRINKS
42:24
Pre-workout Drinks – Drink it or Steer Clear?
42:42
Is it Bad for You or for Your Heart?
43:30
Recovery Drinks – Do They Help or is it Just Marketing?
44:44
MEAL REPLACEMENT DRINKS
46:08
Which Ingredients to Look for
48:25
Actionable Advice
49:33
Outro
50:27
Are you searching for “kickboxing near me”? Stop the search party because you’ve struck fitness gold with Kickbox Cardio classes at LA Fitness. These classes aren’t just a workout, but an experience. With classes designed to kick, punch, bob, and weave your way to...
Incorporating cardio exercises between sets, also known as ‘cardio-acceleration’, is a revolutionary way to maximize your workout efficiency. This technique involves performing short bursts of cardio exercises, usually lasting 30-60 seconds, in between your...
The Holiday Season can get stressful, so we may stick to a routine for the sake of easy planning. Try any of these 10 simple ideas to bring new life to your Thanksgiving celebrations.
Strong legs and glutes shape your entire figure. This is partly because your lower body is made up of the largest muscle groups, which means you’ll burn more calories and sweat more quickly when you exercise your lower body. In addition to that, you can build a more proportional figure when you build muscle in your butt and hips!
The hourglass shape coveted by many women comes from the ratio of the bust, waist, and hips. With this body shape, the bust and hips will typically be the same size, or within a few inches of the same size, while the waist is about 25% smaller than the bust and hips.
Now, obviously we can’t change the bone structure we’re born with, but we can trick the eye into seeing the hourglass shape. As we mentioned in our post on How to Build the Illusion of Broad Shoulders, we believe healthy bodies are the best bodies! However, many women strive to achieve the hourglass ratio. If this is your goal, we’re sharing how you can create the illusion of curvy hips even if you weren’t born with them.
If you read our Broad Shoulders article, you will have learned that building specific upper body muscles will help give the illusion of a larger frame. The opposite is true for a woman’s body; accentuating the hips is the primary target! Building strong glutes gives you a natural butt lift and the toned curves can make your waist look smaller. Not to mention, all the new muscle is certainly no illusion, which means you’ll also be training for strength with these exercises.
Our Pro Results® Trainer, Kayla V., specifies these 5 exercises for stronger hips and glutes:
The hip bridge activates your glutes and is one of the easiest moves to start with. You start by lying on your back with your knees bent and your feet flat on the ground. Without letting your hips rock or sway with the movement, raise your hips up and lower them back down. Squeeze your glutes at the top of each move. When you’re ready, you can add weights by holding dumbbells or a barbell across your hips.
Abductor muscles are the ones that help you push outwards while the adductors help you pull inwards. When using a machine that targets your inner thighs, you’re using an adductor machine. A machine that works the outside of the thighs and hips is an abductor machine.
The equipment itself is pretty simple. You just sit down, position your legs on the inside or the outside of the pads (depending on which muscle group you want to work on) and slowly open and close your knees.
Despite how it may look, this one is not an arm workout. The movement of the weight comes from the power in your hips. Always start with a light weight when trying out new exercises until you get the hang of it.
Hold the kettle bell while standing tall and with your feet shoulder-width apart. Your knees will naturally bend as you prepare to swing the weight upwards, but you’ll also want to intentionally squat to aid your momentum. Keep your body weight over your heels and use your hips to send the weight swinging upwards to eye level. Allow the kettlebell to come back down to the starting position between your legs.
Weighted squats can be done with a barbell, dumbbells, or an assisted squat machine. You can also choose to carry a medicine ball or kettle bell. Before doing a weighted squat, make sure you can execute bodyweight squats with perfect form.
Once you’ve mastered the bodyweight squat, you’ll be able to tell if you are compromising your form while carrying weights. Noticing poor form should tell you that you may need to decrease the amount of weight you’re holding.
A good squat should look like you’re sitting in an imaginary chair. Your back should remain straight, and your knees should never come forward past your toes.
If you’re not ready to lift larger amounts of weight, dumbbell deadlifts are a great way to progress into heavier weightlifting.
To do a deadlift with a barbell, stand behind a barbell you’ve placed on the ground. Keep a straight back as you bend to grip the barbell. Push your hips forward to come to a standing position and keep the barbell at arm’s length. Return the bar to the ground by squatting, but make sure you keep your back straight for the whole movement.
To create the hourglass physique, you must also build strength. Gone are the days when women feared strength training because they were afraid to get bulky. We’ve crushed those myths and now know that You Won’t Get Bulky Unless You Want To. For more information, listen to more strength training tips and QA’s on Episode 19 of our Podcast: Give Me Strength Training.
As always, pay attention to pain or discomfort when working out, and use your best judgment when moving weights.
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